Cotton is a natural fiber derived from the seeds of the Gossypium plant, primarily grown in tropical and subtropical regions around the world. It is one of the most important fiber crops in the global textile industry, known for its softness, versatility, and breathability. The cotton plant produces cotton bolls that contain fluffy fibers used to make cotton lint, which is then processed into yarn and fabric for a wide range of clothing, textiles, and other consumer products.

Cotton is also valuable for its cottonseed, which can be processed into cottonseed oil, a commonly used cooking oil and ingredient in various products. Cotton farming plays a significant role in global agriculture, but it is also resource-intensive, requiring substantial amounts of water and often facing challenges such as pesticide use and concerns about its environmental impact.

In recent years, there has been an increasing demand for organic cotton, which is grown without synthetic chemicals, offering a more environmentally friendly alternative. Genetically modified cotton has also become prevalent in some regions, engineered for pest resistance and increased yields.

Cotton is used not only for textiles but also in other products such as cotton paper, medical supplies, and biodegradable plastics. It remains an essential crop in many economies, with significant cotton trade and textile industry demand globally. However, sustainability concerns have led to efforts aimed at improving water usage, reducing pesticide application, and developing more eco-friendly farming practices.