These wooden number rods were invented by Belgium school teacher Georges Cuisenaire, who wrote a book about them in 1952 (Les Nombres en Couleurs), the colored rods have long been helping children learn maths in schools and at home.
It serves as a foundation for later mathematics as well as for basic operations like addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division.
One fine day he was wondering, why children found it easy and enjoyable to pick up a tune and yet found mathematics neither easy nor enjoyable.