Flavor and aroma: Robusta coffee is known for its strong, bold, and bitter taste, often described as earthy, woody, or even rubbery. Its unique aroma is characterized by a mix of earthy and nutty notes, contributing to its robust profile. Caffeine content: One of the defining features of Robusta coffee is its high caffeine content, nearly double that of Arabica coffee. The increased caffeine levels contribute to its more robust flavor and provide natural pest resistance, making it easier for farmers to cultivate. Bean size and shape: Robusta coffee beans are generally smaller and rounder than Arabica beans, with a straight crease down the middle. The more compact shape results from the differences in the plant species and the growing conditions required for Robusta coffee. Bean composition: Robusta coffee beans have a thicker outer layer than Arabica beans, which helps protect the beans during the harvesting and processing stages. This thicker outer layer also contributes to the overall hardiness of Robusta coffee plants, making them more resistant to pests and diseases. Growing conditions: Robusta coffee plants are better adapted to lower elevations and warmer climates than Arabica coffee. This adaptability allows Robusta to be cultivated in a broader range of environments, particularly in countries located in Africa and Southeast Asia, where it has become a significant cash crop.

In conclusion, Robusta coffee is distinguished by its strong, bitter flavor, unique aroma, high caffeine content, bean size and shape, and adaptability to various growing conditions. These characteristics have contributed to its popularity in blends, instant coffee, and espresso drinks, making Robusta coffee an essential part of the global coffee market.